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                    <text>&lt;p&gt;Jas Stark, Augusta Ills.
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;State of Illinois 
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Executive Department. 
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Springfield November 11th 1863
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Major Genl Jno M Schofield
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Comdg Dept Mo
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;St. Louis 
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Missouri
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;General:  I would respectfully request you to cause the case of Wm Mock Co K 199th Regt Ills Vols. who was courtmartialed for absence without leave while in parole camp, Benton Barracks, and fined $100. and four months labor now at Schofield Barracks.
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;From representations of some of my particular friends in Hancock Co Ills I am convinced of the good character of the offending solider, and for the sake of his destitute family would ask that if possible, the fine or a part of it may be remitted.  The case is one of great distress to the family who are in want.  Please have reply made when the case is investigated
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Very respectfully
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Richd Yates
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Governor
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;J84 aGos Mar 5/63
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Springfield Ills  Nov 11/63   
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;244
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Illinois State of Yates Richard Governor,
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;One enclosur St Louis [Adm?]
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Calls attention to the case of Wm Mock Co “K” 110th Ills Vols who was Courtmartialed for absence without leave while in parole Camp at Benton Barracks and fined $100 and 4 months labor.  Now at Schofield Brks
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;From representations of some of his friends, in Hancock County Ills.  He is convinced of the good character of the offending soldier, and for the sake of his destitute family, Asks that if possible, the fine or a part of it may be remitted.
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The case is one of great distress to the family who are in want  Requests reply when the case is investigated.  JB 147.
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Rec H O Dept Mo.  Nov 12/63.  
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Recd back H. Qrs Dpt Mo Nov 18. 1863.
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Head Qtrs Dept. of the Mo.  
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;St. Louis, Nov. 12th 1863.
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Respectfully referred to Colonel R.R. Livingston Com'd'g St. Louis, Dist .Mo.
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Is is suggested, that the fine, or some part of it, might with propriety be remitted.
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;You will endorse your action and return this communications to these Head Quarters.
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;By command of Maj. Gen'l. Schofield.
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;W.W. Dunn
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;E  Major and Judge Advocate
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Head Quarters St Louis District 
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Saint Louis  Nov. 17th 1863
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Respectfully returned.  The sentence at court martial in case of Private Mock so far as regards forfeiture of pay of One Hundred dollars has been remitted by Special Order of this date from these Head Quarters
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;H
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;R.R. Livingston
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Col 1st Regt. Neb. Cav. 
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Commanding District, 
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;E
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hd Qrs Dept of the Mo
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;St Louis Nov 18th 1863.
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Respectfully referred to Maj Wm M. Dunn Judge Advocate.
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;By order of Maj Genl Schofield
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;J H Schofield
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Adjutant Genl
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;E
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Head Qrs Dept. Mo. 
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Judge Advocate's office. 
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nov. 18. 1863.
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Respectfully returned to Gov. Yates and his attention attest to the within special order By command of Maj. Genl Schofield  W.M. Dunn 
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;E Major &amp;amp; J.A.
&lt;/p&gt;
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;Jas Stark, Augusta Ills.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;State of Illinois&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Executive Department.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Springfield November 11th 1863&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Major Genl Jno M Schofield&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Comdg Dept Mo&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;St. Louis&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Missouri&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;General: I would respectfully request you to cause the case of Wm Mock Co K 199th Regt Ills Vols. who was courtmartialed for absence without leave while in parole camp, Benton Barracks, and fined $100. and four months labor now at Schofield Barracks.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;From representations of some of my particular friends in Hancock Co Ills I am convinced of the good character of the offending solider, and for the sake of his destitute family would ask that if possible, the fine or a part of it may be remitted. The case is one of great distress to the family who are in want. Please have reply made when the case is investigated&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Very respectfully&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Richd Yates&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Governor&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;hr /&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;J84 aGos Mar 5/63&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Springfield Ills Nov 11/63&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;244&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Illinois State of Yates Richard Governor,&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;One enclosur St Louis [Adm?]&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Calls attention to the case of Wm Mock Co &amp;ldquo;K&amp;rdquo; 110th Ills Vols who was Courtmartialed for absence without leave while in parole Camp at Benton Barracks and fined $100 and 4 months labor. Now at Schofield Brks&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;From representations of some of his friends, in Hancock County Ills. He is convinced of the good character of the offending soldier, and for the sake of his destitute family, Asks that if possible, the fine or a part of it may be remitted.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;The case is one of great distress to the family who are in want Requests reply when the case is investigated. JB 147.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Rec H O Dept Mo. Nov 12/63.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Recd back H. Qrs Dpt Mo Nov 18. 1863.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Head Qtrs Dept. of the Mo.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;St. Louis, Nov. 12th 1863.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Respectfully referred to Colonel R.R. Livingston Com'd'g St. Louis, Dist .Mo.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Is is suggested, that the fine, or some part of it, might with propriety be remitted.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;You will endorse your action and return this communications to these Head Quarters.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;By command of Maj. Gen'l. Schofield.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;W.W. Dunn&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;E Major and Judge Advocate&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Head Quarters St Louis District&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Saint Louis Nov. 17th 1863&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Respectfully returned. The sentence at court martial in case of Private Mock so far as regards forfeiture of pay of One Hundred dollars has been remitted by Special Order of this date from these Head Quarters&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;H&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;R.R. Livingston&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Col 1st Regt. Neb. Cav.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Commanding District,&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;E&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Hd Qrs Dept of the Mo&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;St Louis Nov 18th 1863.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Respectfully referred to Maj Wm M. Dunn Judge Advocate.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;By order of Maj Genl Schofield&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;J H Schofield&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Adjutant Genl&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;E&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Head Qrs Dept. Mo.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Judge Advocate's office.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Nov. 18. 1863.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Respectfully returned to Gov. Yates and his attention attest to the within special order By command of Maj. Genl Schofield W.M. Dunn&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;E Major &amp;amp; J.A.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                    <text>&lt;p&gt;Office of Commissary General of Prisoners,
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Washington, D. C., November 11th 1863.
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mr. L. L. Lurton
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Clarksville, Tenn.
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Your letter of the 27th ult. is received, and in reply I beg to inform you that your petition in behalf of your son, a prisoner of War, at Camp Chase, approved by Gov. Tod, was duly laid before the War Department, and I regret to say that the application was not granted.
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A notice of this decision was communicated on the 16th ult. to Col. Webber, the Com'dr. of the prison, that he might notify you through your son.
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Very Respectfully
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Your Ob't Serv't
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;W. Hoffman
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Col 3d Inft
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Comy Gen'l of Prs
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;Hoffman, Col W.
&lt;p&gt;office Com'g Gen'l Prisoners.
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Washington. D. C
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nov 11. 1863.
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In reply to Mr L. L. Lurton's letter of 27th Oct begs to inform Mr L. that the petition in behalf of his son a Prisoner of War at Camp Chase. having been laid before the Secty of War, has not been granted --
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Executive Office Feby 17 64
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Send to Lurton
&lt;/p&gt;
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;Office of Commissary General of Prisoners,
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Washington, D. C., November 11th 1863.
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mr. L. L. Lurton
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Clarksville, Tenn.
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Your letter of the 27th ult. is received, and in reply I beg to inform you that your petition in behalf of your son, a prisoner of War, at Camp Chase, approved by Gov. Tod, was duly laid before the War Department, and I regret to say that the application was not granted.
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A notice of this decision was communicated on the 16th ult. to Col. Webber, the Com'dr. of the prison, that he might notify you through your son.
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Very Respectfully
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Your Ob't Serv't
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;W. Hoffman
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Col 3d Inft
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Comy Gen'l of Prs
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;Hoffman, Col W.
&lt;p&gt;office Com'g Gen'l Prisoners.
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Washington. D. C
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nov 11. 1863.
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In reply to Mr L. L. Lurton's letter of 27th Oct begs to inform Mr L. that the petition in behalf of his son a Prisoner of War at Camp Chase. having been laid before the Secty of War, has not been granted --
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Executive Office Feby 17 64
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Send to Lurton
&lt;/p&gt;
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                    <text>&lt;p&gt;Chicago Nov 11th 1863
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hon Richd Yates
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dear Sir
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Some time since Judge Van Buren Recorder sent you a request (through H.M. Chase a counselor in this City) for the pardon of John Alias Jack Maginnis and [Burchard?] Rooney who were convicted of an assault upon one of our Police Officers and Sentenced at the Juy Term of the Recorders Court for one year in the County Jail.
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mr. Chase advises me that he has as yet received no communication from you in relation to the matter.
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;I have confirmed fully with the Police officers who claimed to have been assaulted and permit me to say that having had cognizance in relation to the facts as to those parties I concur fully with judge Van Buren in the request that they be pardoned and respectfully ask you to grant them a pardon immediately
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;You will be kind enough if the request is granted to forward papers to H.M. Chase Esq Chicago. I will also state that 
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;this request is made with the full approval of the Police officers in the City---having the matter in charge
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;I have the honor to be 
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Very Respectully Your Obt Servt
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Jos Knox
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;SP. Atty 7th [2nd?] [Crt.?] Ills
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Knox Joseph
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chicago Nov 11 1863.
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pardon of Jack Maginnis and Birchard Rooney who were sentenced to one year in County Jail. Requests that they be pardoned immediately.
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Executive Office Feby 1864
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[written vertically] What was done in this case. File
&lt;/p&gt;
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;Chicago Nov 11th 1863
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hon Richd Yates
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dear Sir
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Some time since Judge Van Buren Recorder sent you a request (through H.M. Chase a counselor in this City) for the pardon of John Alias Jack Maginnis and [Burchard?] Rooney who were convicted of an assault upon one of our Police Officers and Sentenced at the Juy Term of the Recorders Court for one year in the County Jail.
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mr. Chase advises me that he has as yet received no communication from you in relation to the matter.
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;I have confirmed fully with the Police officers who claimed to have been assaulted and permit me to say that having had cognizance in relation to the facts as to those parties I concur fully with judge Van Buren in the request that they be pardoned and respectfully ask you to grant them a pardon immediately
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;You will be kind enough if the request is granted to forward papers to H.M. Chase Esq Chicago. I will also state that 
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;this request is made with the full approval of the Police officers in the City---having the matter in charge
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;I have the honor to be 
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Very Respectully Your Obt Servt
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Jos Knox
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;SP. Atty 7th [2nd?] [Crt.?] Ills
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Knox Joseph
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chicago Nov 11 1863.
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pardon of Jack Maginnis and Birchard Rooney who were sentenced to one year in County Jail. Requests that they be pardoned immediately.
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Executive Office Feby 1864
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[written vertically] What was done in this case. File
&lt;/p&gt;
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                    <text>&lt;p&gt;The People of the State of Illinois on the relations of Harless 
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;vs 
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Richard Yates Governor and Francis A. Hoffman Lieut Governor of the State of Illinois
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nov. term of Supreme Court A.D. 1863
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The well known case of Marbury vs Madison 1 branch 137 in 1 Condensed Reports U.S. Supreme Court pages 276 279, 280 decided Feb. term 1803 settled the law under the Constitution of the United States that a mandamus would not be against the Executive branch of the National Government, nor even against a Secretary of State of the United States, the appointee and one of the advisers of the President, where the Secretary's acts were “political” and within the scope of executive functions and were not strictly ministerial.  The same rule clearly
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;applies so far as the Executive branch of the Government of Illinois is concerned 
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Governor as the Executive is not subject to mandamus from the Courts.
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Lieut. Governor occupies a double relation to the State both Executive (at times) and Legislative when Presiding over the senate. He is not subject to a Mandamus in either capacity.
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The case of The People ex re Billings vs Bissell Governor 19 Illinois, 229 to 234 decides with much ability that the court has no power to compel the action of co-ordinate brances of Government though it is said that as in the case The People ex re vs Matteson 17 Ills. 167 the excutive might make an agreed case and submit it to Supreme Court, but that the
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;court claims no right to exercise coercive jurisdiction over the executive.
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;My opinion is that it is not the duty of Governor Yates nor of Lt Governor Hoffman to appear voluntarily on notice such as has been served.
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Should the court improvidently issue an alternative writ of mandamus, answer should be made merely however as a matter of respect to the court that the court had no power over either the Governor or Lieut. Governor by compulsory writ.   
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Springfield Ills.  11 Nov. 1863
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Very Respectfully
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Jackson Grimshaw
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To His Excellency Governor Richard Yates.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;G.
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Grimshaw Jackson
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Springfield Nov 11 1863,
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Decision in case of mandamus, The people of the State of Illinois ex rel Harles vs Richd Yates &amp;amp; F A Hoffman
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Executive Office Dec 31, 63
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Abstract &amp;amp; file
&lt;/p&gt;
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                <text>Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum</text>
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                <text>en</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;The People of the State of Illinois on the relation of Harless&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;vs&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Richard Yates Governor and Francis A. Hoffman Lieut Governor of the State of Illinois&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Nov. term of Supreme Court A.D. 1863&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;The well known case of Marbury vs Madison 1 branch 137 in 1 Condensed Reports U.S. Supreme Court pages 276 279, 280 decided Feb. term 1803 settled the law under the Constitution of the United States that a mandamus would not be against the Executive branch of the National Government, nor even against a Secretary of State of the United States, the appointee and one of the advisers of the President, where the Secretary's acts were &amp;ldquo;political&amp;rdquo; and within the scope of executive functions and were not strictly ministerial. The same rule clearly&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;hr /&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;applies so far as the Executive branch of the Government of Illinois is concerned&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;The Governor as the Executive is not subject to mandamus from the Courts.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;The Lieut. Governor occupies a double relation to the State both Executive (at times) and Legislative when Presiding over the senate. He is not subject to a Mandamus in either capacity.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;The case of The People ex re Billings vs Bissell Governor 19 Illinois, 229 to 234 decides with much ability that the court has no power to compel the action of co-ordinate brances of Government though it is said that as in the case The People ex re vs Matteson 17 Ills. 167 the excutive might make an agreed case and submit it to Supreme Court, but that the&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;hr /&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;court claims no right to exercise coercive jurisdiction over the executive.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;My opinion is that it is not the duty of Governor Yates nor of Lt Governor Hoffman to appear voluntarily on notice such as has been served.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Should the court improvidently issue an alternative writ of mandamus, answer should be made merely however as a matter of respect to the court that the court had no power over either the Governor or Lieut. Governor by compulsory writ.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Springfield Ills. 11 Nov. 1863&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Very Respectfully&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Jackson Grimshaw&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;To His Excellency Governor Richard Yates.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;hr /&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;G.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Grimshaw Jackson&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Springfield Nov 11 1863,&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Decision in case of mandamus, The people of the State of Illinois ex rel Harles vs Richd Yates &amp;amp; F A Hoffman&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Executive Office Dec 31, 63&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Abstract &amp;amp; file&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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